US Secretary of State Marco Rubio has given a full-throated defence of Donald Trump's military operation to oust and arrest then-Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro, while also using his wide-ranging congressional testimony to touch on Greenland, NATO, Iran and China.
As Republican and Democratic members of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee offered starkly different readings of the administration's foreign policy, Rubio addressed Trump's intentions and his often bellicose rhetoric that have alarmed US allies in Europe and elsewhere.
In the first public hearing since the intervention to depose Maduro, Rubio said Trump had acted to take out a major US national security threat in the Western Hemisphere.
Trump's top diplomat said America was safer and more secure as a result and that the Republican administration would work with interim authorities to stabilise the South American country.
"We're not going to have this thing turn around overnight, but I think we're making good and decent progress," Rubio said.
"We are certainly better off today in Venezuela than we were four weeks ago and I think and hope and expect that we'll be better off in three months and six months and nine months than we would have been had Maduro still been there."
The former Florida senator said that Venezuela's current leaders are cooperating and would soon begin to see benefits.
But he backed away from remarks prepared for the hearing that Washington would not hesitate to take further military action should those leaders not fully accept Trump's demands.
"I can tell you right now with full certainty, we are not postured to nor do we intend or expect to have to take any military action in Venezuela at any time," Rubio said.
"I think it would require the emergence of an imminent threat of the kind that we do not anticipate at this time."
He said Venezuela soon will be allowed to sell oil that is now subject to US sanctions.
The revenue would be set aside to pay for basic government services such as policing and health care.
Oil sale money will be deposited in a US Treasury-controlled account and released after the US approves monthly budgets to be submitted by Venezuela, he said.
Pushback against scepticism from Democrats
Republican senators, with few exceptions, praised the Venezuelan operation. Among Democrats, there was deep scepticism.
They questioned Trump's policies in Venezuela and their potential for encouraging moves by China against Taiwan and Russia even more so in Ukraine, as well as his threats to take Greenland from NATO ally Denmark and his insults about the alliance's contributions to US security.
Rubio played them all down.
He said the uproar over Greenland within NATO is calming and that talks are underway about how to deal with Trump's demands.
The Republican president insists the US needs Greenland to counter threats from Russia and China, but he recently backed away from a pledge to impose tariffs on several European countries that sent troops to the semiautonomous Danish territory in a show of solidarity.
"I think we're going to get something positive done," Rubio said.
Rubio dismissed criticism that Trump was undermining the alliance, while repeating the long-running American complaint that member nations need to boost their defence budgets.
"NATO needs to be reimagined." Rubio said. "I just think this president complains about it louder than other presidents."
He said China's stated goal to reunify Taiwan with the mainland would not be affected by any other world event, including the Maduro operation.
"The situation on Taiwan is a legacy project" that Chinese President Xi Jinping has made "very clear that that's what he intends to do and that's going to be irrespective anything that happens in the world," Rubio said.
As Trump once more threatens Iran with military action, Rubio said there was no current plan to attack.
Asked about the potential for a change of government in Tehran, Rubio said that would require "a lot of careful thinking" because it would be "far more complex" than ousting Maduro.
More details about the raid in Caracas
The committee chairman, Idaho Senator Jim Risch, praised Trump's decisions to remove Maduro, continue deadly military strikes on boats suspected of smuggling drugs in the Caribbean Sea and eastern Pacific Ocean and seize sanctioned tankers.
Risch also offered new details on the operation in the Venezuelan capital, saying it involved "only about 200 troops" and a "firefight that lasted less than 27 minutes."
"This military action was incredibly brief, targeted and successful," Risch said, adding that the US and other nations may have to assist Venezuela when it seeks to restore democratic elections. "Venezuela may require US and international oversight to ensure these elections are indeed free and fair," he said.
Senator Jeanne Shaheen of New Hampshire, the committee's top Democrat, questioned whether that operation was worth it, considering most of Maduro's top aides and lieutenants still run Venezuela and the economic situation there remains bleak.
"We've traded one dictator for another, so it's no wonder that so many of my constituents are asking, why is the president spending so much time focused on Venezuela instead of the cost of living and their kitchen table economic concerns?" she asked.
"From Venezuela to Europe, the United States is spending more, risking more and achieving less."
Congress hasn't curtailed Trump on Venezuela
Congressional Democrats have condemned Trump's moves as exceeding the authority of the executive branch, while most Republicans have supported them as a legitimate exercise of presidential power.
The GOP-led House narrowly defeated a war powers act resolution that would have directed Trump to remove US troops from Venezuela.
As Rubio argued, the administration says there are no US troops on the ground in Venezuela despite a large military buildup in the region.
Democrats contended the resolution was necessary after the US raid to capture Maduro and because Trump has stated plans to control the country's oil industry for years to come.
Families of two Trinidadian nationals killed in an administration boat strike filed what is thought to be the first wrongful-death case arising from that campaign. Three dozen strikes on boats in the region have killed at least 126 people since September.
US acts to normalise ties while issuing warnings
While keeping pressure on those the US calls "narcotraffickers" without providing evidence, officials also are working to normalise ties with Venezuela's acting president, Delcy Rodríguez.
The administration has said its demands for Rodriguez include opening Venezuela's energy sector to US companies, providing preferential access to production, using oil revenue to purchase American goods, and ending subsidised oil exports to Cuba.
Rodríguez, who was Maduro's vice president, said Tuesday that her government and the US "have established respectful and courteous channels of communication."
And so far, she has appeared to acquiesce to Trump's demands and to release prisoners jailed by the government under Maduro and his predecessor, Hugo Chávez.
In a key step to the restoration of diplomatic relations between the two countries, the State Department notified Congress this week that it intends to begin sending additional diplomatic and support personnel to Caracas to prepare for the possible reopening of the US Embassy, which shuttered in 2019.
Fully normalising ties, however, would require the US to revoke its decision recognising the Venezuelan parliament elected in 2015 as the country's legitimate government.
Later Wednesday, Rubio was to meet Venezuelan opposition leader María Corina Machado at the State Department.
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