US President Donald Trump's top adviser for the Middle East and other senior officials joined the third day of peace talks between Israel and Hamas in an Egyptian resort on Wednesday, a sign that negotiators aim to dive deeply into the toughest issues of an American plan to end the war in Gaza.
Hamas says it's seeking firm guarantees from Trump and mediators that Israel won't resume its military campaign in the Palestinian territory after the militant group releases all the remaining hostages.
All sides have expressed optimism for a deal to end the two-year war that has left tens of thousands of Palestinians dead and most of the Gaza Strip destroyed. But key parts of the peace plan still haven't been agreed to, including a requirement that Hamas disarm, the timing and extent of an Israeli troop withdrawal from Gaza, and the creation of an international body to run the territory after Hamas steps down.
Trump's Middle East envoy, Steve Witkoff, and the president's son-in-law, Jared Kushner, arrived Wednesday at Sharm el-Sheikh for the discussions, as did Qatar's prime minister, Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani, and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's top adviser, Ron Dermer.
Representatives from fringe militant groups, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, or PFLP, and Palestinian Islamic Jihad — which holds an unknown number of Israeli hostages — are scheduled to arrive later Wednesday, according to officials who spoke on condition of anonymity because they weren't authorised to speak to the media. Their attendance underscores the aim of the talks to encompass all Palestinian groups.
As Qatari, Egyptian, Türkish and US mediators met with both sides in preliminary talks on Wednesday morning, a senior Hamas official, Taher Nounou, said the group has provided a list of Palestinian prisoners it wants released from Israel in return for hostages in Gaza as part of the deal.
Separately, foreign ministers from European and Arab countries will converge on Paris on Thursday for a meeting on the future of Gaza to signal their support for Trump's peace plan. Officials from France, the UK, Germany, Italy, Spain, the European Union, Egypt, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Indonesia, Canada and Türkiye are expected to take part.
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The meeting will focus on the potential deployment of an international stabilisation force, Gaza's post-war governance, Hamas' disarmament and humanitarian aid and reconstruction, officials said on condition of anonymity because they couldn't publicly disclose details of the meeting.
But Israeli Foreign Minister Gideon Sa'ar criticised the French initiative as being "concocted behind Israel's back at the sensitive timing of the negotiations in Sharm el-Sheikh." Sa'ar said that he hopes the initiative won't "undermine the critical negotiations for the release of hostages, as it already happened in the past."
Trump's peace plan
The plan calls for an immediate ceasefire and release of the 48 hostages that militants in Gaza still hold from their surprise attack on Israel on October 7, 2023, that started the war and triggered Israel's devastating retaliation. Around 20 of the hostages are believed to still be alive.
It envisions Israel withdrawing its troops from Gaza after Hamas disarms, and an international security force moving in. The territory would be placed under international governance, with Trump and former UK Prime Minister Tony Blair overseeing it.
Egyptian President Abdel-Fattah el-Sissi said Wednesday in televised comments that the negotiations so far "were very encouraging."
Netanyahu has accepted Trump's plan. His office said Tuesday that Israel was "cautiously optimistic," framing the talks as technical negotiations over a plan that both sides already had approved.
Turkey's Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan sounded upbeat in Ankara that a ceasefire could be close. "If an agreement is reached today, a ceasefire will be declared," he told a news conference.
Fidan said that "a lot of progress has been achieved so far" and that both sides "have shown great will for the release of the prisoners and the hostages."
In a statement Tuesday, Hamas reiterated its longstanding demands for a lasting ceasefire and a full Israeli withdrawal from Gaza, but said nothing about disarmament, a step it has long resisted. Hamas has also spoken against the idea of international rule, though it has agreed it will have no role in governing post-war Gaza.
Speaking in Sharm el-Sheikh, Khalil al-Hayya, Hamas' top negotiator, told Egypt's Qahera TV that the group wanted solid guarantees from Trump and mediators that the war "will not return." It appeared to be his first public appearance since an Israeli strike targeting him and other top Hamas leaders in Qatar last month killed six people, including his son and office manager.
In January, the two sides had a ceasefire that brought the release of some Israeli hostages in exchange for Palestinians imprisoned by Israel. Under the agreement — which Trump and Witkoff played a major role in brokering — the two sides were then supposed to enter negotiations over a long-term truce, an Israeli withdrawal and a full hostage release.
But Israel broke the ceasefire in March, resuming its campaign of bombardment and offensives, saying it aimed to pressure Hamas for the remaining hostage releases.
Past rounds of negotiations have frequently fallen apart over the same obstacle, with Hamas demanding assurances of the war's end and Netanyahu vowing to keep fighting until the group is destroyed. The Trump plan attempts to resolve all the issues at once, by laying out Hamas disarmament and a post-war scenario for governing the territory with provisions for a major reconstruction campaign.
Praying for a deal
In the Hamas-led attack two years ago, militants stormed into southern Israel and killed around 1200 people, mostly civilians, and abducted 251. Most hostages have since been released in ceasefires or other deals.
A growing number of experts, including those commissioned by a UN body, have said that Israel's offensive in Gaza amounts to genocide — an accusation Israel denies. More than 67,000 Palestinians have been killed in Gaza and nearly 170,000 wounded, according to Gaza's Health Ministry.
The ministry, which doesn't differentiate between civilians and combatants but says around half of the deaths were women and children, is part of the Hamas-run government. The United Nations and many independent experts consider its figures to be the most reliable estimate of wartime casualties.
The ministry said Wednesday that the bodies of 10 people killed by Israeli strikes had been brought to local hospitals over the past 24 hours. Hospitals also received 61 wounded, it said in its daily report.
In the Gaza Strip, where much of the territory lies in ruins, Palestinians are desperate for a breakthrough. Thousands fleeing Israel's latest ground offensive in northern Gaza and Gaza City have set up makeshift tents along the beach in the central part of the territory, sometimes using blankets for shelter.
"There is no food, nor good water, and blockage of crossings," said Um Sulaiman Abu Afash, a displaced woman from Gaza City. "Our kids sleep in the streets. We buy drinking water. Where do we go? There's no mercy."
Sara Rihan, a displaced woman from Jabaliya, said she was praying for an end to the war.
"I hope we return to our places and homes even if there are no homes," she said. "Our existence in our land is the biggest happiness for us."
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